Which four cultures have significantly influenced modern mathematics?

The emphasis on Babylonia, India, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Egypt highlights the key contributions these civilizations made in the development of mathematical concepts that continue to influence modern mathematics.

Babylonia, with its base-60 number system, introduced important concepts such as place value and the concept of zero, which provided a foundation for arithmetic and algebra. The Babylonians also developed early geometric principles and methods for solving equations.

India contributed significantly to mathematics, especially through the development of the decimal system and the concept of zero as a number, which revolutionized calculations and number representation. Indian mathematicians made pioneering discoveries in algebra and also provided methods that informed later advancements in calculus and trigonometry.

Ancient Greece is renowned for formalizing mathematical proofs and laying down the axiomatic foundations of geometry through the work of mathematicians like Euclid and Pythagoras. Greek mathematics emphasized logical reasoning and theoretical investigations, which shaped mathematics as a discipline that relies on proof and rigorous thinking.

Ancient Egypt's contributions included practical applications of mathematics in architecture, astronomy, and engineering. The Egyptians used a base-10 number system and developed methods for multiplication and division that were essential for trade and construction.

Together, these four cultures contributed fundamental concepts and methods that paved the